tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41704206085109932312024-03-13T03:26:46.772-07:00Alice's Literary SalonAlicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.comBlogger33125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-17982494289266617722014-10-27T06:54:00.000-07:002014-10-27T06:57:31.637-07:00Stuck in Western Europe (a return from a very long hiatus)<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">My sister and I have a drinking game. We go into the fantasy section of our local library, and we take turns picking a random book of the shelf and reading the blurb. If the book you pick is set in a standard, somewhat Tolkien-inspired medieval fantasy world (a few dragons, a lot of feudalism, and a strange resemblance to Western Europe), you take a drink.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If we took the trouble to smuggle drinks into our local library, we would end up totally smashed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The easiest way to illustrate this point is to look at some maps:</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100115010628/tamorapierce/images/b/b0/Tortall_1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100115010628/tamorapierce/images/b/b0/Tortall_1.gif" height="296" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tamora Pierce's Tortall (source: <a href="http://tamorapierce.wikia.com/wiki/Tortallan_Universe">tamorapierce.wikia.com</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://img1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100824222923/rangersapprentice/images/e/ee/World_Map.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://img1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100824222923/rangersapprentice/images/e/ee/World_Map.JPG" height="400" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Flanagan's <i>Ranger's Apprentice</i> world (source: <a href="http://rangersapprentice.wikia.com/wiki/File:World_Map.JPG">rangersapprentice.wikia.com</a>)</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://gameofthrones.net/images/Westeros_Maps/a-game-of-thrones-world-map-westeros-essos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://gameofthrones.net/images/Westeros_Maps/a-game-of-thrones-world-map-westeros-essos.jpg" height="260" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George R. R. Martin's Westeros and Essos (source: <a href="http://gameofthrones.net/images/Westeros_Maps/a-game-of-thrones-world-map-westeros-essos.jpg">gameofthrones.net</a>)<br />
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</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://aventalearning.com/courses/GEOGx-HS-A09/a/unit05/resources/images/Sec_B/Geo_5_B_7_SatelliteMapOfEurope_Copyright.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://aventalearning.com/courses/GEOGx-HS-A09/a/unit05/resources/images/Sec_B/Geo_5_B_7_SatelliteMapOfEurope_Copyright.jpg" height="351" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption">Are you seeing a resemblance yet? (source: <a href="http://aventalearning.com/courses/GEOGx-HS-A09/a/unit05/GeoHS_5.B.7.html">aventalearning.com</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Whether you call it the Great Inland Sea, the Constant Sea or Slavers' Bay, we're looking at the Mediterranean. So why this obsession with medieval Western Europe?</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The most obvious answer is that Tolkien did it first. But there’s a slightly more complicated one. The imagined medieval Western Europe is a very familiar place to all of us, not just within the fantasy setting. It’s the location of most of the fairytales we grow up on. It’s the home of King Arthur. If you ask someone to tell a small child a story, the chances they will start with ‘Once upon a time there was a princess living in a castle’ are very, very high. Medieval Europe is not an exotic world that we have to research, or to think about really hard. Since the late medieval story-tellers looked back at the early medieval period and saw an idealised image of knights slaying dragons to win the hands of maidens, it’s been the playground of western story-telling, and so most of us think we’ve got a pretty solid grasp on the medieval world. Thanks to a strange quirk of European culture and historiography, we can lump anything from the early-mid-first millennium all the way to the Renaissance into one supposedly cohesive setting under the ‘medieval’ label, without have to fret too much about whether they’d invented plate mail yet, or how powerful the crossbow was at such and such a time. Chances are nobody will question it. It’s been standard fare for far too long to seem odd.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I haven’t written a medieval fantasy in many, many years. But there’s more to this phenomenon than just the medieval. I sat down to start planning my Nano for this year, and I decided – as I so often do – to write something steampunk. As the people of the fourteenth century invented the chivalric past of the earlier medieval period, I turned around to see an idealised Victorian era - one focussed heavily on the science and progress of the industrial revolution, where nobody ever dies of typhoid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And so I started out, and I imagined some characters, and I thought about the world they would inhabit, and I assumed it would kind of resemble Victorian Britain. I didn’t even think about this, it just seemed obvious. Want to write a fantasy novel? Set it in medieval Europe! Feeling adventurous. Want to write a steampunk novel? Why move! So vaguely British it was. Nothing specific. Just somewhere where people say things like ‘By Jove!’ and wear top-hats, and there’s some steam-powered stuff, and everyone acts like it’s kind of new and exciting.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">That same day, however, while I was doing data entry at my local historical society, I found several files on a magician (unfortunately a stage magician, but I chose to ignore that part of the story in favour of imagining a genuine magician) in Australia in the first half of the twentieth century. He had all kinds of problems unique to his time and place – he struggled to sit his wizardly exams, because there weren’t enough examiners out in the colonies, and those who were there all knew each other, and therefore couldn’t be considered unbiased. He waited weeks, and sometimes months, to receive news from the international magic community. He worried about the decline of magic in the face of exciting new technology. He spoke about the role of women in the magic community. He closed his business during World War Two, because rationing meant he simply couldn’t get hold of the materials he needed.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I contemplated writing a novel about this man, with real magic instead of stage magic. It would be very exciting, and it would be very <i>unique</i>. When was the last time you read a novel about a magician in early twentieth century Australia? Exactly. And when was the last time you read a novel about a magician in a world vaguely based off Western Europe? Well, if you read much fantasy, probably not very long ago at all.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So with this magician in mind, and I turned around and looked at my Nano plan, and I thought – why Britain? Why Western Europe? I’m not British. I’ve only been there once, and that was entirely by accident. And yet I have this idea that if I wrote in Britain – or Western Europe at all – it would be easier. I wouldn’t have to research, and could just write my story, because I pretty much know how Western Europe works – since we started writing about dragons and princesses, ambiguously-dated Western Europe has been the home of fantasy stories.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But if I wrote in Australia, the country I have lived in for my entire life? That would require research. I would have to <i>think</i> about that. I would have to navigate things that haven’t been navigated before: How do Indigenous cultures relate to wizards? How do you build an airship when you’re in a backwater colony in the middle of nowhere an shipping anything over takes months and months? How to you confine a convict who has magical powers? Do we still even have convicts? What year is it? What’s happening in politics? Has Federation happened yet?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And this is where we hit a wall – Australia suddenly seems too specific for a fantasy novel. Suddenly I’m not just writing a fantasy novel, I’m writing an ‘Australian fantasy novel’. But why should Australia be considered any more specific than Britain, or Western Europe? The only answer is that Australia isn’t the default for anybody’s writing, and so there’s no ‘generic Australia’ construction in our general imaginations. Australia needs dates and names and <i>thought</i>, because you’re deviating from the default, and people can’t just place your story in the ‘standard Western Europe’ that they already keep in their heads. To set your fantasy outside of the standard Western European setting, you need to construct your own unique setting from the ground up. You’ve got no default to fall back on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So I’m picking up my story out of Western Europe, and moving it to a fantastical Australia. It will require some thought, but hopefully I’ll also be writing a better novel, a more unique novel with a stronger setting and less temptation to fall back into lazy tropes. Because other places deserve their fantasy novels too.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Side note: while writing this post, I got off on a very long tangent about Australia's inferiority complex, and how it manifests itself in our attitude towards the Australian accent. <a href="http://doeskin-pantaloons.tumblr.com/post/101086389907/in-the-far-off-land-where-i-have-a-blog-that-isnt">If anyone's interested.</a>)</span></div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-34919401035637733812013-03-23T17:40:00.001-07:002013-03-23T17:40:50.430-07:00Nine ways to name your novelI'm going to begin the with the disclaimer that I have never actually titled a novel in my life. However, while examining a friend's bookshelf the other day, I noticed that novel titles usually fall into a surprisingly small number of catagories, which should make coming up with them easier in future.<br />
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<b>The name of the protagonist</b><br />
Possibly the most obvious one, and the default document title for the works in progress of many aspiring authors. If you're feeling pretentious, you can always take the character's name and turn it into a fancy noun: <i>The Odyssey</i> and <i>The Aeneid</i> being about the only examples I can think of, so it's probably a bit of an outdated idea. If you want to be slightly more creative, you could go for a description of the main character instead. Adeline Yen Mah's <i>Chinese Cinderella</i> is so named because the main character is Chinese, and has a hateful stepmother. <i>Little Women</i> because they're like women, but smaller. <i>Les Miserables</i>, basically because everybody is miserable.<br />
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<b>The name of the antagonist</b><br />
Like the protagonist's name, this can be a literal first name and surname, or a descriptive title. For a while, the only example I could think of was <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, but <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> is also the name of the antagonist, when you think not just of characters, but of any obstacle which your protagonist has to overcome.<br />
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<b>The name of an important plot device</b><br />
<i>The Golden Compass. </i>It can be a physical plot device (such as Pullman's <i>Golden Compass</i>) or essentially anything which drives the plot (<i>The Hunger Games</i>, for example, although this could be considered setting. Which takes me to my next method.)<br />
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<b>The setting</b><br />
Where is your novel set? <i>The Secret Garden</i>? Or if you're feeling more descriptive, somewhere like Cassandra Clare's <i>City of Glass</i>? If that isn't working, also try considering <i>when</i> you novel is set - think George Orwell's <i>1984</i>, for example.<br />
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<b>A description of your plot</b><br />
This one is a little more
difficult to make sound like it's a legitimate title, I think, and
possibly applies better to children's books. But imagine if
someone asked you, "What's your novel about?" and you answered in the
shortest way possible. Diane Duane's <i>Wizards at War</i> is, as I understand it (having not read the series), about wizards, at war. Your readers will know exactly what to expect, and anyone who likes reading about what you've written about will know just from the title that they ought to pick up your book.<br />
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<b>A quote from a poem</b><br />
Moving away from purely descriptive titles, this one is possibly a bit more work, since it requires you to<b> </b>find a relevent poem, and pick a meaningful line. But it will pay off, because quotes from old poetry make excellently profound-sounding titles. Libba Bray is a particular fan of this (think <i>Great and Terrible Beauty, Sweet Far Thing</i>, and <i>Rebel Angels</i>). To find relevant quotes - if you don't have the patience to read through poetry collections - try using sites like Wikiquote, searching the key themes or words of your novel, and seeing if any of the quotes you turn up leap out at you<br />
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<b>An atmospheric word</b><br />
Stephenie Meyer has said that in order to title <i>Twilight</i> (previously called <i>Forks</i>), her publishers sent her a list of atmospheric words, and she chose her favourite. It may be a little more difficult to make your word relevent, but it definitely has potential for a snappy title.<br />
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<b>Title drop</b><br />
Read through the novel you're trying to title, and check if one of your characters ever says anything particularly pertinent, or if a certain phrase crops up a lot. <i>To Kill a Mockingbird</i>, for example, revolves heavily around the metaphor of killing mockingbirds, and thus makes a good title. If you've accidentally written yourself in a title drop, good work!<br />
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<b>Any combination of the above</b><br />
<i>Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</i>? Main character plus plot device. <i>The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe</i>? Protagonist (of sorts), antagonist, and plot device.<br />
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How do you go about titling your novels? Do you have any tips? Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-86517579204216632992013-03-14T05:55:00.000-07:002013-03-15T05:22:25.562-07:00What makes a good novel?I just thought I would casually tackle that very scary question this week.<br />
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Me and my sister discussed this a while ago with a post on the Nano forums, and with April Camp-Nano coming up, we've been discussing it again. Sadly, I can't find the thread where the question was posed to a wider audience (although it was specifically regarding teen fiction), so I assume it was before the last forum wipe. Anyhow, the three points which keep cropping up weren't what I expected when we started asking people this question, so I thought they would be good to share.<br />
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<b>Good communication</b><br />
There's a certain historical romance author, who I shan't name, whose books all follow a formula something like this:<br />
<ul>
<li>Character A meets Character B</li>
<li>They fall in love</li>
<li>A develops some misconception about B that leads to A thinking they can't be together</li>
<li>Tension and awkwardness escalates in their interactions until a confrontation, where they break up</li>
<li>A has a revelation that they were wrong all along</li>
<li>A and B talk things over, and get back together</li>
</ul>
I have a terrible feeling that this could be representative of the romance genre in general. But I digress. The problem with this type of novel is that either the reader is often privy to both sides of the situation, or as an outside observer, has enough knowledge to work out exactly what's wrong. And then to flail at the book and go "Why don't they just TALK to each other?"<br />
Conflict caused solely by miscommunication is incredibly frustrating because it is so easily solved. Either the reader knows exactly how to fix it, or as soon as the solution becomes apparent, the reader starts asking why the characters didn't just talk it over as soon as the conflict began.<br />
In the interesting of not making your readers frustrated with your novel - and also possibly hate your characters in the process - I would avoid this type of conflict at all costs.<br />
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<b><b>Rational decision making</b></b><br />
A very surprising consensus in this discussion is, "I don't want to read about teenagers who go out and get trashed and sleep with a guy and then regret it later, or about teenagers who don't tell their parents that their boyfriend is a werewolf, or teenagers who decide to go and fight demons with little to no martial arts experience, or teenagers who <i>let</i> them. I want to read about teenagers who go to a party and have a great time with their friends, who confide in their parents as soon as something bad happens, who don't go into situations without being prepared."<br />
Basically, the reader becomes frustrated when problems arise from decisions that that know are poor as even as they're being made. If you're yelling at the character, "Don't do it!" and the character does it anyway, you lose a little bit of the connection to the character - they become less realistic, and less relatable.<br />
It could also be a sign of poor plotting if your characters <i>have</i> to make these bad decisions to further your plot. The challenge is to make a good plot which still has enough conflict to keep people interested and then keeping your characters in that conflict while at the same time, making rational, sensible decisions.<br />
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<b><b> </b>Well-executed romance</b><br />
There's a lot of complaint out there about love triangles. The problem - at least as I understand it - is that they very often centre around a girl who has to choose between two guys: one who is often a long-time friend or even<b> </b>boyfriend, who is sweet, kind, and has a lot in common with the girl; the other, who is dark, brooding and mysterious, with unpredictable mood swings, some sort of 'dangerous' backstory, and a lot of chemistry. And of course, the girl chooses the second option.<br />
While no-one is going to argue that people in love always make rational decisions, this comes back to the previous point. There is very rarely a love triangle where the central character makes a genuine decision - nine times out of ten, the reader is sure that they will choose angsty-and-brooding over sweet-and-friendly. And when you know that angsty-and-brooding is so much worse, and is just going to screw up the character's life for the next however-many books, this is a problem.<br />
<br />
Having written these out, I realise that basically, what makes a good novel comes done to this: relatable characters who make decisions which make sense, and strong plot which doesn't require contrived action to propel it.Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-50654204552384750722013-02-25T02:59:00.003-08:002013-02-25T02:59:53.789-08:00CollaboratingI've been a bad blogger recently - when I started this blog I intented to write every week, but I've only written one post this month, and it's already the 25th. But I have a legitimate excuse: I have been busy collaborating with some friends on a script for a modern day YouTube series of Les Mis. Whether or not we will ever finish this and convince anyone to film it aside, it is an awful lot of fun. So that other people can appreciate the fun of collaboration, I have made a list of hopefully helpful thoughts. Or perhaps even instructions. Really not sure.<br />
<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li><b>Find some people who are ridiculously enthusiastic about something you are ridiculously enthusiastic about.</b><br />
In our case this was Les Mis. And also shameless shipping. But it could be a genre, or a premise, or a character. If you're not all really excited about the idea one person will forever be dragging the others along, or nobody will care at all. If you are all really excited, basically, it will be really exciting.<br />
</li>
<br />
<li><b>Choose a way to communicate and share your work.</b><br />
I loathe to say it, but Facebook groups are good. They have a file sharing function which allows you to upload revisions and make sure everyone is looking at the same version of things. Googledocs is probably better, because there's a lot less scrolling down and click 'Older Posts', and there is also a useful search function. There is, however, essentially no formatting, which can get awkward depending on what you're writing.<br />
Of course, you could just collaborate in person. But you still need a way to record what you've come up with, and make sure you all have access to it.<br />
</li>
<br />
<li><b>Make sure everyone has the same copy of the work</b><br />
Like I said, this is easy to do on Facebook. It's also easy to do on Googledocs, beacuse what you're writing will all be in the one document, and you'll all see edits as they happen. But if you're e-mailing documents back and forth, you need to make sure that you're all working on the same thing, or people will end up wasting their time working on things that have already been written, or already been cut.<br />
</li>
<br />
<li><b>Plan. Or at least plan how you're not going to plan.</b><br />
The first collaborative works I ever wrote were stories told in letters with my sister. The first person would write a letter - usually on the premise that they had to have a pen-pal as a school English assignment - and the second person would write a reply, knowing nothing other than what they'd read in the original letter. Basically, there was no planning required beyond deciding to write something together.<br />
If you don't have a format like this, you need to make a plan. That can mean laying out a full plot plan and delegating scenes, or it can just mean deciding who is going to write the next chapter, with no actually decisions about what will happen in the chapter. It really depends how much you want to be surprised by the plot, and how much control you each want to have over what happens. Either way, you need to have some idea of some combination what is being written, who's writing it, and when, or no writing will get done.<br />
</li>
<br />
<li><b>Write down your ideas.</b><br />
This applies to all writing, not just collaboration, really. If you're having a conversation with your co-writers, or just come up with a brilliant idea by yourself, write it down. You might think you'll remember it, but you won't.<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The first comments in the Facebook group of our collaborative script at the moment go something like:<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">"</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent">Quick! Write down all the brilliant ideas we had before we forget them!"</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent"><br />
"</span></span><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id=".reactRoot[90].[1][2][1]{comment392250090870363_392251670870205}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2]"><span class="UFICommentBody" id=".reactRoot[90].[1][2][1]{comment392250090870363_392251670870205}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2].0"><span id=".reactRoot[90].[1][2][1]{comment392250090870363_392251670870205}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2].0.[0]">Um. Um. I DON'T REMEMBER. Probably I will remember once someone jogs my memory, but."</span></span></span><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id=".reactRoot[90].[1][2][1]{comment392250090870363_392251670870205}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2]"><span class="UFICommentBody" id=".reactRoot[90].[1][2][1]{comment392250090870363_392251670870205}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2].0"><span id=".reactRoot[90].[1][2][1]{comment392250090870363_392251670870205}.0.[1].0.[1].0.[0].[0][2].0.[0]"><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">And then there is a <span style="font-size: small;">lot of frantically flailing while everyone remembers things. The moral of the story is, if you have a three-hour conversation a<span style="font-size: small;">bout <span style="font-size: small;">what you're writing, and <span style="font-size: small;">nob<span style="font-size: small;">ody takes notes, then it will be bad.<br />
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<br />
<li><span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Share all your ideas</b><br />
Unless the premise of your collaboration relies of <span style="font-size: small;">surprising your<span style="font-size: small;"> co-writers with plots, this is<span style="font-size: small;"> always a good idea. Before I started writing this collaborative script, I was <span style="font-size: small;">working on so<span style="font-size: small;">mething similar by myself<span style="font-size: small;">. And basically, because I had the good ideas of one or two people, rather than five or six, it was compar<span style="font-size: small;">itively mediocre. But now,<span style="font-size: small;"> even if I have what I think i<span style="font-size: small;">s a good b<span style="font-size: small;">ut un<span style="font-size: small;">workable <span style="font-size: small;">idea, ra<span style="font-size: small;">ther than just disregarding it, I tell everyone, and they make it workable. <span style="font-size: small;">This is the great thing about collaboration, and you should def<span style="font-size: small;">initely appreciate it.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<br />
<br />
<br />
</ol>
<br />
<span class="messageBody" data-ft="{"type":3}"><span class="userContent"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tha<span style="font-size: small;">nks for reading!</span> <span style="font-size: small;">Do you have any tip<span style="font-size: small;">s for <span style="font-size: small;">coll<span style="font-size: small;">aborating on writing projects?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-25453752197807631532013-02-07T04:54:00.002-08:002013-02-07T04:54:52.281-08:00How to Write a CharacterI've been sitting at my computer for the past hour, perusing Facebook, and Tumblr, and all the writing blogs I read, and generally putting off actually writing a blog post, because I had no idea what to write about. I was just beginning to say things like, "What if I don't write a blog post today, and then I never write a blog post again?!" when I came across <a href="http://jayerobinbrown.blogspot.com.au/2013/02/why-i-write-more-than-straight-white.html?showComment=1360235389605#c3744397842843199169">this blog post</a>, by Jaye Robin Brown. She talks about how although she's a white author, she doesn't only write white characters, because although she might get something wrong, and there's always a chance of offending someone:<br />
<ol>
<li>a story with only white characters would be incredibly unrealistic in almost all settings, and</li>
<li>the basic human experience and emotions are the same no matter what your race or background.</li>
</ol>
I was inclined to wholeheartedly agree.<br />
<br />
Reading this post, however, got me thinking about a kind-of-related issue that I've seen a lot of writers worry about: writing characters of the opposite gender or sex. The main characters in my current WIP are both boys and I've never actively thought about how I portray the opposite gender in fiction, so I figured it wouldn't hurt to do a little bit of googling on the topic.<br />
<br />
What I found absolutely terrified me. I'm relunctant to name names (or blogs, rather) because I'm not actually going to say anything nice about the blog I was reading. What I will say is: scary things happen in the romance genre. To wit: this lady, whose name I will not name, aimed to give advice on writing male characters who seemed 'believable' and 'male'. Her list of the four things that detracted from a male lead most included crying (thankfully she later agreed to make an allowance for the deaths), and being unable to control the heroine.<br />
<br />
And then I did some more googling, and I kind of just wanted to crawl in a hole and die. I have learnt:<br />
<ul>
<li>If you're writing a male character, you should never, ever have them say, "I feel..."</li>
<li>There's no point in arguing that guys you know don't fit into the egotistical, lust-oriented stereotype, because it is the norm, and most guys do.</li>
<li>Men should never cry</li>
<li>If your male character isn't checking out your female characters it's unrealistic.</li>
<li>Men don't throw out off milk without someone else telling them it's off first. If your character does this, your reader will subconciously know that something is wrong with your writing.</li>
</ul>
The list goes on. It's really, really scary. In fact, I wish I'd never researched this issue at all.<br />
<br />
Thankfully, there are also people out there on the interwebz with more balanced thoughts on the subject. It turns out - perhaps unsurprisingly, when you think about it - that they're just not the people writing articles called "How to Write Male Characters" because they've realised that male characters ought to have enough variation that they can't all be lumped into a How-To. So, to cheer me up - and hopefully my readers - here are some more useful thoughts and quotes on the subject:<br />
<ul>
<li> "...<span class="maintext">I suspect that the more anxiety with which you approach the project, the less likely you are to get it right. Male and female characters are people before they are gendered. That is, if you write any character with depth, you should be able to write any gender of character with that same depth." (<a href="http://www.intergalacticmedicineshow.com/cgi-bin/mag.cgi?do=columns&vol=mette_ivie_harrison&article=044">Mette Ivie Harrison</a>)</span></li>
<li><span class="maintext">Your characters are people first, and genders second (or third, or somewhere further down the list). Rather than asking "How do I write a male character?" you should ask "How do I write <i>this</i> character?" </span></li>
<li><span class="maintext"> </span>I feel like not only men, but also women should be really offended by this shoe-boxing of male characters. By saying, for example, that male characters shouldn't talk about their feelings, you're also implying that female characters should. As well as being patently wrong, this squashes your scope for characterisation massively. And for people who read too much poorly-characterised fiction, it also makes them feel really awkward about whether or not they 'fit' into their gender, by perpetuating stereotypes that most people aren't going to fill.</li>
<li> A study by the German Society of Opthalmolgy shows men cry an average of 6-17 times a year. That's anywhere from once everyone couple of months to once every three weeks. I haven't been able to source the study itself, but it apparently combines the results of many studies done before, and leads me to the conclusion that if your novel spans more than two months, it's not only perfectly fine, but statistically probably for your male character to shed some tears.</li>
<li> Judging from the people I know, I would say that the boys have no more in common with each other because they are boys than they have in common with the girls. As someone very wise on Nanowrimo said, "if I described their personalities to you, you wouldn't be able to tell what gender they were." (<a href="http://www.nanowrimo.org/en/forum_comments/1959088">Catorrina</a>, Nanowrimo) Gender is just one aspect of what defines your personality, and there are so many others that you may as well learn how to write the personality as a whole, rather than learning to write a stereotype of the gender, and then having characters deviate in different ways from a perceived 'norm'.</li>
<li>"As much as sitcoms and romantic comedies try to tell us otherwise, men and women are incredibly similar. We all have “feminine” and “masculine” traits within us." (<a href="http://drinkmereadme.tumblr.com/post/22079951690/writing-characters-of-a-different-gender">Drink Me Read Me</a>, Tumblr)</li>
<li>"everyone's a people" (<a href="http://www.nanowrimo.org/en/forum_comments/1959088">Catorrina</a>, Nanowrimo) </li>
</ul>
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<br />Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-3194534257598322472013-01-31T02:56:00.000-08:002013-01-31T02:57:41.634-08:00How many friends is too many friends?For a long time, I thought it odd that fictional characters almost never have more than two friends. The main character in Vampire Diaries (I'm talking the novel, not the TV series) is supposed to be the most popular girl in the school, but from memory, she only has two friends, and one of those leaves her within the first few chapters.<br />
<p>I used to lament that this whole portrayal of friendship was horrendously unrealistic, and that not <i>everyone</i> only has one friend and never talks to anyone else in their class, surely. But then I read Louise Rennison's <i>Confessions of Georgia Nicolson</i> series, and I understood why. Georgia Nicolson has so many friends that I have only ever managed to get my head around two of them. (A little research reveals that Georgia Nicholson only actually has five friends. Which just goes to show how few fictional characters I can cope with.)<br />
<br />
The problem here is not actually with the number of characters in the work, but the number of characters who serve the same purpose. All of them just blur into one 'friend'. I'm sure they have distinguishing traits, but they don't really have distinguishing effects on the plot. I've been facing a similar problem while editing recently: not so much that I worry that readers will forget who my characters are, but that they will be bored by all the minor walk-on-walk-off characters, and although they might remember who they are, they won't actually care.<br />
<br />
The answer to readers' lack of interest in who your myriad of characters are is, I believe, to merge them. And on that note, I offer some thoughts which will hopefully help you know when to start merging, and when to stop (before your work ends up with just one incredibly conflicted character).<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Label your characters with those horribly stifling labels such as 'protagonist' and 'comic relief'. Look at characters who share a label, and work out if they provide some sort of contrast or conflict to each other. If you have two protagonists who never argue, both strive for the same goal and have similar personalities - well, why do you have two protagonists?</li>
<li>Find characters who serve the same purpose in terms of their actions within the story. If Alice and Bob are both there to provide support to the protagonist, although one does it in the role of love interest, and the other of comic relief, why not make the love interest more comic, and do away with Bob altogether?</li>
<li>Do two of your characters always appear as a pair? And when I say 'always appear as a pair' I mean that they are literally never on screen (or page) alone, and that they may as well be conjoined twins.If there's no reason why you have two of them rather than one, it may be better to just have one.</li>
<li>I often find myself with characters who are around for long enough that I start to feel awkward calling them 'the man in the hat', but not around for so long that I feel like I should give them a name and a backstory. If you have any characters that have reached this awkward stage, look out for characters who already have names and backstory, who aren't doing much at the moment and could fill their role instead.</li>
<li>At the end of the day, some characters are just really boring. In the first draft that I am currently editing, I had a major character - possibly the third-main character - who I just found really, really dull. She was instrumental in driving the early plot, and she took an active role in it, but she was also incredibly boring. So I took her role, and gave it to a very minor character who I really liked for no good reason. I now I have a major character who I like <i>with</i> good reason. Everybody wins!</li>
</ul>As I wrote those dot-points, I became more and more aware that I sound like I'm subscribing to the delete-everything school of editing. The school which suggests that you should have as few words, as few characters and as short sentences as you can. So I add a disclaimer: I'm not saying that you should delete and merge characters based solely on these thoughts, just that if you feel like you have too many characters, and that it might be hard to keep track, these are things to consider. I hope someone finds them useful.<br />
<br />
<br />
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-84270162250050926292013-01-22T05:28:00.002-08:002013-01-22T05:31:59.016-08:00Three things that make me want to read a novel (and three that don't)<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Recently, I've been snooping around the <a href="http://cupidslitconnection.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/blind-speed-dating-event-information.html">Blind Speed Dating Contest</a> at <a href="http://cupidslitconnection.blogspot.com.au/">Cupid's Literary Connection</a>. While sadly one needs a completed manuscript and a query to enter - neither of which I yet have - I've had an excellent time reading other people's pitches. I'm far from an expert in knowing what agents or publishers are looking for in queries, but here's a list of what makes me keep reading, and what makes me <span style="font-size: small;">put the book down in disgust<span style="font-size: small;">, </span></span>helped along by some<span style="font-size: small;"> lovely e<span style="font-size: small;">xamples from <span style="font-size: small;">the contest on the positive side</span></span></span>, and some examples of my own on the other:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span> <br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">T<span style="font-size: small;">he Good</span><br />
</span></span> <br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Out-of-the-blue plots: "<i>Finn Rackham is tired of being told that he's bound to end up just like his parents--behind bars. Sure, his temper is a little toasty, but that doesn't make him a criminal. But when he accidentally falls in with a band of pirates...</i>" (<i><a href="http://cupidslitconnection.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/bouncer-post-70.html">The Lost Figurehead</a></i>) Nobody saw those pirates coming. It actually makes me really happy when you start reading a book expecting one genre, and get something else - it means the book isn't just stuck in the rut of, say, 'paranormal romance'. It's welcome change<span style="font-size: small;"> from <span style="font-size: small;">books that follow the conventions of their genre.</span></span><br />
<br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Shameless awesomeness: On the topic of Finn Rackham - "<i>But the men and women who sail under Captain Kelsey Dash are not the sword-swinging, pistol-wielding, treasure-hunting rapscallions he expects. They're time travelers, and they just commandeered a ferry in New York Harbor.</i>" There are some things that just ought to exist. Time travelling pirates. Bishounen wizards. Magical boarding school. On the one hand, they could be described as shamelessly gratuitous. On the other hand - if you don't appreciate a good time-travelling pirate, I don't know what you're doing with your life.<br /><br />
</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Un<span style="font-size: small;">usual ju<span style="font-size: small;">x</span>tapositions: There's nothing<span style="font-size: small;"> bett<span style="font-size: small;">er than reading along and suddenly that the antagonist of your teen fiction is none other than<span style="font-size: small;"> "</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>the legendary “once and future king”—King Arthur himself.</i>" (<i><a href="http://cupidslitconnection.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/bouncer-post-64.html">Broken in Blue</a></i>) <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>I<span style="font-size: small;">'ve often come across writing advice that suggests that to make an interesting character, you need to give them <span style="font-size: small;">two conflicting or contrasting traits. F<span style="font-size: small;">or years I thought this <span style="font-size: small;">was trite</span></span></span></span></span> and unhelpful. But then someone <span style="font-size: small;">(and I can't remember who) explained it with the example <span style="font-size: small;">of <span style="font-size: small;">a young girl who wants to p<span style="font-size: small;">ursue her interest in necromancy, but<span style="font-size: small;"> has to babysit</span> her younger siblings. </span></span></span></span>And everyt<span style="font-size: small;">hing made sense. Totally unexpected juxtapositions are what make original fiction. </span>And of course, who can go past something billed as "</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><i><b>LE MORTE D’ARTHUR</b> meets <b>GOSSIP GIRL</b></i>"?</li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Bad</span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vaguely atmospheric words: Stephenie Meyer apparently chose the title of <i>Twilight </i>from a list of 'atmospheric words' offered by her publisher. If the first sentence of a blurb contains lots of atmospheric words ("<i>Elina's fate is wreathed in shadows...</i>") and no actual content, chances are I'm going to put the book down. <br /><br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">A main character who wants to be normal: The best way to introduce a novel, in my opinion, is to tell me the really exciting things that your main character wants to go out a do. "<i>Jessie Warnes just wants to be normal</i>..." immediately has me thinking that Jessie Warnes is going to be a relatively dull type of person. I want a main character who was <i>wants</i> to be part of the action.<br /><br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Fiery redheads: I think the world has a quota of fictional fiery redheads, and I think it has been reached. I am sick of them. If anyone says "<i>a temper to match her hair</i>" or tries to describes a character's personality by telling us their hair-colour I will put the book down. It's overdone, and it's lazy writing. I want a character with a personality, not a hair-colour.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">A Fun Fact</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">If you don't know how to start writing your query, every single one goes like this: "<number><i>-year-old</i> <name><i> is</i> <unusual trait><i>. When </i><negative experience><i>, s/he must...</i>"</span></li>
</ul>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-25700644389524517662013-01-19T04:04:00.000-08:002013-01-19T04:07:20.285-08:00The Word Master Challenge: How Not to Write a Novel Beginning<b>The challenge, from Misha Gericke's blog My First Book:</b><br />
In less than 300 words, I want to see your idea of the <b>WORST</b> beginning you can possibly write. The funnier and more creative you are, the better. To make it easier for me, you have the <b>WHOLE</b> of January to enter, but you must please enter the <b>SPECIFIC</b> entry link into the linky list below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>My entry:</b><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Ediana's Diary</b></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Dear Diary,</i><br />
<br />
I wrote as I stared fixedly out the window, <br />
<br />
<i>Today happened as usual, Princess Sarelihta woke us to bring her tea, we brought it as usual. Like I said, nothing interesting.</i><br />
<br />
Princess Sarilehta makes us write diaries to check we like her. Naturally, we don’t write that we hate her. I am Princess Sarehlita’s maid, servant, slave, whatever. So are Sarihna, Gadkinalia, and Eve. Well, we’re slaves but she would never call us that.… Whatever. Back to the diary. <br />
<br />
<i>The day was the same as always. Routine.</i><br />
<br />
I HATE ROUTINE!!!!! I don’t know why people invented it. The same thing, every day. BORING!!!!!!<br />
<br />
I stared out the window. The view was the same as every other day. The stables, the forest the lake and far in the distance, the mountains. There’s also the town, Capiton, on the river. Further down there’re more towns, and then it goes up to the mountains. I thought about exploring it all, but I knew I would never escape from here.<br />
<br />
I was taking the breakfast things down when I first saw him. I do that every morning. Bring Princess Sarelita her tea, prepare her bath, get the breakfast, and bring it down, all the boring stuff. And we also did whatever else she told us.<br />
<br />
The drawbridge opened. A lad, who looked about sixteen, suddenly came in, Perhaps, I thought, he’s bringing interesting news. There could be something interesting happening…<br />
<br />
He had onyx hair. “Do you know the way to the royal dining room?” he queried me.<br />
<br />
“That way. I’m going there right now, but if you plan to go, I suggest you get out of your travelling clothes and have a bath, first. Her majesty can’t <i>stand</i> it if you come without washing yourself. I tried it once.” <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</blockquote>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-86920659193888076252013-01-15T04:50:00.000-08:002013-01-15T04:50:08.670-08:00A Foray into Fanfiction<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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For a long time – although I have had a fanfiction.net
account since 2006 – I have been a bit wary of writing fanfiction in a serious
way. When I read novel-length fanfictions, while I have the greatest respect
for their authors, I find myself wondering: if you had the time and energy to
write that much, and then make it into something decent which you would feel
comfortable putting out to the world, couldn’t you write original fiction? It
seems to me like a terrible waste of good writing to use it on someone else’s
characters rather than your own.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Many writers out there who suggest using fanfiction as a way
to improve your writing without having to worry about serious things like
character development, or worldbuilding. I always figured – wrongly – that this
was for people who wrote for completely different reasons to me. I love
worldbuilding and creating characters, and so I thought it didn’t apply.</div>
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<br /></div>
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As it turns out, I was entirely wrong. As I have mentioned
in the past, I’m in the process of editing the first draft of a 115,000 word
novel-in-progress. I wrote a post last week detailing my methods, but honestly,
I haven’t a clue how to go about it. I’ve been reading a lot of writing blogs
and advice by published authors on how to edit in the hope that they will
explain this to me. Things like how one should cut ALL the adverbs, never, ever
use a dialogue tag other than ‘said’, and remove every sentence that doesn’t
serve at least two purposes. I don’t know, at this point, whether any of these
things are true. I don’t mind adverbs, but I know that I horribly overuse the
word ‘suddenly’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I read a fanfiction the
other day in which someone ‘tsk’ed an entire line of dialogue, and I recognise
this isn’t physically possible, but I’m sure words like ‘exclaimed’ and ‘whispered’
exist with good reason. And as for the last one, I just don’t think that I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can</i>.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Without any practise, I don’t know yet what works in
writing, or what works for me. If I start on a 115,000 word monstrosity, it
will take me a long time to work it out. What with the two-and-a-half years
that it took me to write the thing, the year-and-a-half it’s taken me to start
editing, the whole writing process isn’t going to make sense to me any time
soon. On the other hand, if I start on a 300 word drabble, I’ll know have a
mini snapshot of the writing process in a much shorter space of time.. And then
I shall apply it to my novel-in-progress.</div>
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<br /></div>
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That is, at least, the plan.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(And guys, by the way, <a href="http://archiveofourown.org/works/637043">read my fanfiction</a>. It’s an
Eponine/Cosette fic, of sorts.)</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-88742342874033021712013-01-01T04:23:00.000-08:002013-01-01T04:23:19.589-08:00How to Edit a Novel<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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After months of procrastination,
I’ve finally decided to get back to editing my 100,000 word draft of what may
one day become a legitimate novel. In honour of this venture, I’m writing a
post on how I’ve been going about editing so far. The title is probably a
misnomer, since I haven’t done enough to be sure if this is a definitive way to
edit. I’ve also only covered how I’m going from draft one to draft two, which
is very broad editing, rather than nit-picking prose. I figured I’d write down
what I’ve done <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>anyway, in the hope that
it will help someone out there to edit their own novel.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>1. Read your novel</b></div>
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This step is deeply unnerving. It
may make you cringe a lot. On the other hand, you’ll also hopefully discover
your favourite parts of your novel, and remember what you like about it, in
order to know what to keep. I also got my sister and a friend to read it and
highlight the parts which they would be very sad if I deleted. I wrote <a href="http://alicesliterarysalon.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/the-woes-of-editing.html">a post</a> a
while ago about how I felt like in editing I was getting rid of all my
favourite parts of the novel, so I thought this was a very important step to do.
I also often feel like authors don’t realise what makes their work amazing, and
so I think it’s good to get feedback on what you’re doing right before you
change it.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>2. List your scenes</b></div>
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This helps to get everything
straight in your head, and to organise things on paper. I did it in an Excel spreadsheet
under these headings:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Scene number</li>
<li>POV</li>
<li>Setting</li>
<li>Plot points (this one is good for
pinpointing scenes that have no plot points, so you know to change them later)</li>
<li>Characters (I gave each character
their own column, so I could tick of what scenes they were in, and make it
easier to sort the spreadsheet and do step three)</li>
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<br />
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<br /></div>
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<b>3. Streamline your plot</b></div>
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I did this first of all by
writing out the plot, as simply as I could, from the perspective of each of the
main characters, not including anything which didn’t have an effect later on in
the book. Doing it separately by character probably isn’t necessary for
everyone, but I was writing a novel which was based on who knew what, and when,
and it was getting horrendously inconsistent. It’s also handy for making sure
your characters all have motivation.</div>
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After that, I wove together all
my streamlined character-plots into one logical, coherent plot.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>4. Write a new scene list</b></div>
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This step is pretty self
explanatory. I modified my scene list to include the new scenes I needed to
make the plot make sense, cut the old ones that weren’t relevant, and modified which
needed modification. I was pretty harsh with cutting at this point, only keeping
scenes in my list which were absolutely necessary. I think I came out with
about a third of the scenes I originally had, but I’ve been adding more scenes
in as I go along. At this step, though, I wanted it to be as clear and concise
as possible.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>5. Open a blank document</b></div>
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Copy in the scenes from your
first draft that just need a bit of tweaking. Write in the new scenes that you
need. These are the difficult part, on which I offer no advice. Good luck.</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-57896714315561382972012-12-24T05:50:00.000-08:002012-12-24T05:50:01.688-08:00Les Miserables or Why the book isn't always better than the film<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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As I mentioned the other day, I had been frantically reading
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Les Mis</i> in order to finish it before
I saw the movie. Unfortunately, I saw the movie yesterday, with 200 pages still
to go. But 200 out of 1300 isn’t too bad, so I’m quite happy, all things
considered. So now, having read most of the book, watched way too many videos
of the musical on YouTube, and seen the movie, I am in a position to judge
which is superior.</div>
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To begin with the book, it is bloody long. 1300 pages of
long, interspersed with, among other things, a forty- page description of the
Battle of Waterloo, a thirty-page history of a relatively unimportant convent, and
a forty-page character sketch which Hugo assures you “in no manner concerns,
even in the remotest degree, what we have to relate.” Every scene of action or
dialogue is bookended by a treatise on philosophy, history or politics, given
either by one of the characters, or shamelessly by Hugo himself. (He also
indulges in some shameless self-promotion of his family, with asides totally
unrelated to the plot, such as this “….for the space of two hours, the heroic
Captain Louis Hugo, the uncle of the author of this book, sustained alone with
his company of eighty-three men every effort of the hostile army.”) The book
basically reads like Victor Hugo decided to write a novel, wrote everything
that came to his head for the next ten years – political thoughts, character
sketches, backstory, etymology of his characters’ names, the occasional piece of
genuine plot – and then gathered it together into a vaguely chronological
order, and by some sheer fluke managed to get it published. Other books leave
the readers with lingering questions to inspire them to write fanfiction. In any
other novel, you might be able to ask yourself – Why did Cosette’s father leave
Fantine? Has Enjolras ever been kissed? What is the etymology of Valjean’s
surname? But not in this novel! Any thought Hugo ever had regarding his novel,
you’re going to know about.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://d3rm69wky8vagu.cloudfront.net/article-photos/large/1.162380.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://d3rm69wky8vagu.cloudfront.net/article-photos/large/1.162380.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">That's much more like it, Marius.</td></tr>
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It’s difficult to say whether the expansive, rambling and
occasionally incredibly implausible plot of the book is better than the cut-down
plot of the musical and the movie. The Eponine-Marius-Cosette love triangle,
which really annoyed me in the novel, is greatly improved. Book-Marius has
nothing to his character except love for Cosette, and is only interested in the
barricade as a way to die when he thinks he’s left her. He’s also an emotionally
abusive boyfriend. (“I give you my most sacred word of honor, that if you go
away I shall die.” Not on, Marius. Not on.) Musical-Marius is a passionate
revolutionary who struggles to choose between his girlfriend, and his friends
on the barricade. His relationship with Eponine also changes from a random girl
who loves Marius basically on sight to a good friend who provides a genuine <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>alternative love interest for Marius. In this
respect, the writers of the musical did a much better job that Hugo.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On an aside, Hugo wouldn’t know how to characterise a female
character if he found one floating in his tea. One day, Cosette looks in the
mirror and decides that she’s beautiful. The next: “She at once acquired the
whole science of the bonnet, the gown, the mantle, the boot, the cuff, the
stuff which is in fashion, the color which is becoming, that science which
makes of the Parisian woman something so charming, so deep, and so dangerous.”
Yes, Victor Hugo, this is exactly how being a girl works. When she sees a bird
making a nest with its mate, she feels “the deep restlessness which a nest
gives to a maiden.” Yes, Hugo, all girls work like this, too.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a 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" 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width="189" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is sadly the best picture I can find. <br />He is really much prettier than this.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the other hand, the revolutionary students, who are some
of the best characters in the book, in my opinion (and also some of the few
realistic ones), are nothing more but faces in the movie. You miss out on a lot
of the rapport between them, and I don’t think you get nearly as much understanding
of the fact that as well as being passionate republicans, they’re also just a
bunch of friends who like to get drunk and talk politics. I felt like I didn’t
get a chance to get to know them before they all died (because remember: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">everybody dies</i>). I didn’t actually have
this problem the first time I saw the musical, before reading the book, but
once you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">know</i> the names of all the
revolutionary students, you feel really sad when they only mention the names of
two of them. (But don’t worry, because Grantaire is a babe). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Basically, a movie can’t possibly provide the same depth of
character a book can. It can characterise better, as in the case of Marius and
Eponine, but it can’t really characterise more. You can fit as much into a book
as you want. In a movie, you’re limited by the amount of time people are
willing to sit in a cinema before their eyeballs fall out. But that also means
that a movie has to streamline and tighten plot, and to keep on topic, which I
don’t think it would have hurt Victor Hugo to do just a little bit more.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the end of the day, the book is too long, but the movie
is too short. (Honestly, it would probably make a great TV series). On the plus
side, when you read a book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">you</i> get
to choose which parts you pay attention to, and which parts you skip, whereas
if you watch a movie, someone else does the choosing for you. And honestly, I
really enjoyed the Battle of Waterloo. I feel educated now. Overall, though, it’s
probably best to take book, movie and musical as a whole. The book has deeper
characterisation, more complex plot, and will provide you with a thorough
grounding in the history of France. It also takes weeks to read. The musical
has better characterisation, amazing songs, and lasts for under three hours. And
the movie? The movie has Grantaire’s face.</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-46778907835216792132012-12-20T05:54:00.000-08:002012-12-20T05:54:15.314-08:00Six ways that I didn't write anything, and one way that I did<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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As you can probably guess from the title, I have been
spending far too much time reading fanfiction lately. As though of you who pay
close attention to my posting schedule have probably noticed (although I doubt
you exist), I have been posting more haphazardly recently than I originally
was.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, to excuse myself for not sticking to the
post-every-Tuesday plan which I had when I started, and to assure myself that
my life is not wasted, since it serves a warning to others, I present you with
a list of what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> to do if you
intend to write (or do anything, for that matter) productively.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Les Mis</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the past two weeks, I have been doing this with my life.
A lot. An awful lot. I never fully understood how much writing 1300 pages was
until I picked up this book on the ninth of December and decided I should read
it before I see the movie this Sunday. On the plus side, you – my lovely,
although I suspect largely imaginary, readers – will get a review of this
enormous tome at some stage in the next few weeks. On the minus side, it’s time
consuming. If you want to get anything else done, do not read this book in a
short space of time. Or more broadly, if you like – if you know a movie is
coming out at the end of the year, read the book at the start of the year, or
in the middle, or at some other normal time that doesn’t require you to set
page-per-day goals. Leaving things to the last minute turns out not to be
conducive to doing other stuff at the same time. Blogs, fanfiction, and that
legit novel I sometimes pretend to be writing tend to fall by the wayside.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Discover Deviant Art</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Don’t do it. Never go there. Ever. For the nine years of my
life since I first discovered the horror that is fandom, I have managed to
avoid this website. I always knew it existed, and I never felt any desire to go
there. Life was good.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And then, the other day, I decided that to accompanying my
reading of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Les Mis</i>, I needed pictures
of the characters. You know, to visualise them properly in my head. Important
and entirely legit stuff.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s like TV Tropes. Once you arrive, you will never, ever,
leave. Because how can you abandon dashing young Frenchmen such as this?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://th02.deviantart.net/fs71/PRE/i/2010/126/5/d/Montparnasse_by_ColonelDespard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://th02.deviantart.net/fs71/PRE/i/2010/126/5/d/Montparnasse_by_ColonelDespard.jpg" width="153" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Why hello there, Montparnasse.<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Despard</a>, Deviant Art)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fall behind</b></span></div>
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I said to myself, when I began this blog, that I would write
a post every Tuesday. It was an excellent plan, and it lasted several weeks.
And then I missed a Tuesday. So then I wrote on Wednesday. And then I didn’t
know whether to do the next week’s on Tuesday or Wednesday, and so I figured it
didn’t really matter. And so I wrote it on Friday. And then on Tuesday I’d
written so recently that I figured it didn’t really matter if I missed today,
because I could write one tomorrow. This is how it works, until you suddenly
realise that you haven’t written anything in weeks. It applies to writing
novels, as well as blog posts, and it is very dangerous. Unless you have a good
reason – the end of the world, for example – if you set yourself a writing
goal, keep it. It’s for your own good, truly.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Do research</b></div>
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Last week I posted about how much research is too much
research, in terms of historical fiction. I don’t know the answer, but I have
worked out that there’s a point when research becomes procrastination. When onne
begins by reading through lists of names to decide what the murder victim in
Is-it-Republican-Rome-or-1800s-France ought to be called, and ends by learning that
there is <a href="http://www.mudconnect.com/muds/Labyrinthus_Latinus.html">a
text adventure game in Latin</a> (Are you excited? I’m excited too!), one is
procrastinating. Wikiwalks are not a way to get things done. Remember: the
Internet is a dangerous place, a lot like a black hole.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forget your writing
exists</b></div>
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Yes, I did this the other week with this very blog. I’m
lucky I have a sister around to remind me. If you spend too long
procrastinating, and reading long books, and telling yourself that you will be
able to write (or perhaps edit) the next scene tomorrow, this will happen. It’s
true. And then the novel that you’re working will slowly become forgotten, and
be relegated to that folder of documents that you sometimes look in, and open,
and you’ll go, “Oh, I remember this. It was actually pretty good. Too bad I can’t
remember what was going to happen. I wonder why I stopped writing…” And that
will be the tragic death of what could have become the next Harry Potter. Alas.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Write</b></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://shop.vodafone.com.au/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m33073450_AppleiPhone_4S_Black_Large_462x387.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="167" src="http://shop.vodafone.com.au/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m33073450_AppleiPhone_4S_Black_Large_462x387.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">If you don't have an iPhone...</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Yes, I went there. It’s cliched and possibly the most said
thing in the world of writing, but honestly, it’s a lot like owning an iPhone.
If you don’t write anything, you won’t have written anything. I don’t think it
has to be lots of writing, or anything scary like ‘You have to write every day
or else you will die’, but the moral of this story is that if you don’t write
anything, you will eventually forget it was there to write. And while
nineteenth century Frenchmen are very distracting, and I’m greatly looking
forward to playing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Labyrinthus Latinus</i>,
I would trade definitely browsing Deviant Art for pictures of Les Amis L’ABC
today for potentially being able to browse Deviant Art for fanart of my own
characters in the future any day. And if I don’t write a novel first, there
will be no characters for my legions of future fans to draw. And that will be a
great loss to the world.</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-7248332440222290462012-12-14T04:17:00.000-08:002012-12-14T04:29:51.012-08:00Researching Historical Fiction<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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As well as failing to regularly update my blog, on account of holidays and the need to read the entirity of <i>Les Mis</i> in the two weeks before the movie comes out, I have been writing fanfiction of sorts about Cicero and Enjolras solving crime. Unexpectedly – yes, I didn’t see this coming – this has led me into the
realm of historical research. I was intending for it to be a small writing project
that I didn’t have to think about seriously, but of course, things never stay
that way. I spent several hours the other day reading up in great detail on
Cicero, to try and gauge how he would respond to being called a patrician. My
several hours of reading the works of Cicero, and then any other writings I
could get my hands on on the internet about Cicero left me with nothing but a
throw-away line that will be read in under a second. But it did raise the
question – how much research is too much?</div>
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I’m sure this is a problem that plagues anyone who tries to
write historical fiction, and much more so those who try to write legitimate
fiction that some bizarre sort of fanfiction mash-up, but nonetheless, it’s a
problem. Is it really worth three hours of reading to get one line that doesn’t
reveal anything at all? On the one hand, I did learn that Cicero was horrible
arrogant, but also very witty, and that I’ll have to study Oscar Wilde before I
can write proper Cicero fanfiction. It definitely helped me to get my head around his personality, as well as the setting.</div>
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On the other hand, it means that rather than write several
pages – or at the very least one page – in a sitting, I’ve been moving at about
a sentence a day. Even though I’m writing what I plan to be a short story, this
could take me a long, long time.</div>
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In search of answers, I headed off into the blogosphere. I
found advice ranging from “do the most research you possibly can” to “find a
happy medium” to “you can write your story and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">then</i> do the research”. The first raises the obvious problem that if
you do the most research you possibly can, you will wind up a very old academic
expert, with no historical fiction to your name. On the other hand, if you
write before you research, your story might inadvertently hinge on something
that couldn’t possibly have actually occurred, and the whole thing with fall to
pieces. And as for finding the happy medium – it’s a great piece of advice, but
where? and how? Beyond suggesting that you have to get your head around
vagaries of speech and dress, nobody seems to have any idea.</div>
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I don’t have a solution to this problem yet, so I’m mostly
writing this post in the hope that someone will comment with a magical answer.
I don’t think there is one, but I like to pretend there might be. Does anyone
have an answer? Have do you find the balance between research and writing?</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-27509167940474699552012-11-21T03:15:00.000-08:002012-11-21T03:15:02.994-08:00Reports from the No-Longer-Novelling Front, and a Book Review<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nanowrimo</b></div>
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So I’ve given up on Nanowrimo. Turns out that having done
Nano four years running does not qualify you to do a double-Nano. Some people
have this kind of stamina. I do not. I will know this for next time, because it
really isn’t worth the effort. I probably ought to have just made up my mind on
one novel at the start of the month, accepted that I could write the other one
at a later date, and moved on. And then, feeling overwhelmed by trying to write
two Nanos and an essay on Livy, I decided to take a few days off. On the plus
side, I learnt a valuable Nanowrimo lesson: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I should never take days off. Especially not
when there is good weather, and I end up sitting outside, thinking thoughts
like ‘Why would I want to go inside and write a novel?’ and ‘Ceebs.’</div>
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Surprisingly, something else which I think may have
potentially been a problem is the fact that one of my novels was meticulously
planned, down to detailed scene lists. I think I felt less motivated to write
because I already knew what happened, and so my characters will never be stuck
in awkward limbo where no-one ever finds out how they resolve things. I know
how they resolve things, and I wasn’t interested enough in exploring it in more
detail. I hadn’t actually predicted this negative outcome of planning, but
there you go. Perhaps I’m doing it wrong. Perhaps planning just isn’t a thing
for me. I’m not entirely sure, but I think it may just have been the fact that
my plan was so detailed that it was stifling anything unexpected. There is
probably a nice balance I can find.</div>
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Honestly, though, it’s not all bad. I’m not exactly lacking
in first-draft manuscripts that seriously need editing. One is hiding on my
computer not being looked at, one is in the middle of becoming a second draft,
and one is waiting to be converted into a musical. and then there’s a
screenplay waiting to become a web-comic. And a half-finished novel about
uber-talented artistic prodigies at boarding school. It don’t think I actually <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">need</i> Nanowrimo to make sure I write
things at this point. Things get written. Now they just need to be made good.</div>
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And then, of course, there was the curse that strikes so
many Wrimos – I had a brilliant idea for another story, that would be so much
more fun to write. I call it ‘Cicero and Enjolras Solve Crime’. It will be
amazing.</div>
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And now for a book review…</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The House of Silk</i> – Anthony
Horowitz</b></div>
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I’ve been meaning to read this book since I first learnt
that it was going to exist. It’s a new Sherlock Holmes novel, authorised by the
Conan Doyle Estate. They don’t usually go around authorising things, so this is
all very exciting stuff, for fans such as myself.</div>
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Like most – though sadly not all – Holmes stories, this one
is written in first person, from Watson’s point of view, opening with this
lovely sentence: “I have often reflected upon the strange series of
circumstances that led me to my long association with one of the most singular
and remarkable figures of my age.”</div>
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As one can see, from the very beginning, Horowitz does an
excellent job of picking up Watson’s voice, even managing to get in the
important Watsonian adjective ‘singular’, of which the man is ridiculously
fond. In fact, the opening chapter or two are so well-voiced that I was
starting to feel a peculiar sense of having read them before. Luckily, the plot
itself is original enough that this isn’t a problem, and by the time I was in
the middle of the novel, I had completely stopped worrying about things like
the authenticity of Watson’s voice. Also in terms of voice, Horowitz’s Watson
is more introspective than Doyle’s ever was. This is explained by the fact that
the novel is supposedly written by an old Watson after Holmes is long dead,
whose remaining joy in life lies in reminiscing about his time with Holmes. It
felt to me a little out of character for Watson to go off on as many reflective
tangents as he did, but given the legitimate explanation, I’ll give Horowitz
that one. Overall, in the sounding-like-Watson stakes, it was a job well done.</div>
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I was very impressed, too, with how Horowitz dealt with
Watson’s wife – or rather, conspicuous lack thereof. It’s always been one of
those problems in Sherlock Holmes novels – Watson gets married, probably
several times, and yet his wives just kind of disappear, fading into the
background to his adventures with Holmes. Horowitz addresses this early on,
getting the wife out of the way on a long visit to an old employer. Conan Doyle
could have tried this easy plot device, and saved many readers a lot of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But wait, Watson, aren’t you supposed to be
married right now? Do you ever even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mention</i>
your wife?”</div>
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The story itself starts and finishes quite Holmesianly (yes,
it’s a word), but a large chunk of the middle is oddly – not meandering as
such, but tangental to what one would have expected. In a vague, non-spoilery
way: Holmes and Watson start off solving one crime, which leads them to
discover the next crime, which leads them to the next crime, and so on and so
forth. So for a long time you’re just jumping from mystery to mystery, and you
never actually go back and find out what the solution to each one is until the
very end. It’s a little bit disorienting, and – as Watson kindly puts it within
the novel – “I found it hard to make the necessary connection, which is to say,
I was quite lost as to how [spoilers] could possibly have led us to our present
pass. Here was a paradox indeed.” Yes, it was. I don’t think this was
necessarily a bad thing, but if you’re the sort of person who likes to keep all
the facts straight in your head and solve the mystery yourself as you go along,
you’re in for a trying time.</div>
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All in all, I enjoyed the book immensely. I wouldn’t say
it’s as good as the best Holmes short stories (‘The Adventure of Charles
Augustus Milverton’, anyone?), but then again, I always thought Holmes and
Watson were more suited to the short-story format than the novel. As a Sherlock
Holmes novel goes, it’s definitely the up there (and far superior to the Mormon
chapters of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Study in Scarlet</i>). </div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-47223801833277168652012-11-19T02:33:00.001-08:002012-11-19T02:33:22.923-08:00On Not Doing NanoWhile I agonised over whether or not to continue with Nanowrimo, I handed my blog over to my sister to present a different opinion on the matter. Here are her words of wisdom:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Let me start off with a disclaimer: I am doing nano this year. I’ve done it four years previously, and<br />managed, albeit just – 50,000 words is about my limit in thirty days, especially given that it’s also<br />exam season – to succeed in most of them. However…<br /><br />There seem to be a lack of reasonable voices out there discussing why they chose not to do nano.<br />There are certainly some unreasonable voices (this might be a little harsh, but I stand by my opinion)<br />– try<a href="http://www.salon.com/2010/11/02/nanowrimo/"> Laura
Miller</a>, a writer who believe that all the plebs should<br />stop trying to write novels, shut up, and just buy her damn books because she’s a real writer, and<br />they’re not. You can understand why people might not find that awfully reassuring when you’re<br />looking for voices of reason suggesting you stay away from an intensive novelling challenge. I don’t<br />know for sure, but I suspect this lack of other voices might leave a few writers feeling a little bit<br />inadequate, wondering what’s wrong with them that means they can’t manage to produce a novel<br />they think is salvageable in thirty days, when everyone else around them seems to be finding it not<br />only fun (albeit stressful), but also rewarding in terms of novelling output.<br /><br />So here are a few reasons why you shouldn’t feel bad about not partaking in the challenge.<br /><b><br />1. Pressure.</b><br />There are some people who only work well under pressure. I’m one of them. If you give<br />me a deadline, I will get things done. But there’s a flipside to this. I’m really bad at self-<br />motivation. Without the time limit, nothing much happens.<br />But there are a whole host of people out there who don’t need all due dates, who have risen<br />above this deadline shit. They get things done consistently, bit by bit, without intensive<br />efforts or last minute panic. If I could rely on myself to produce novels without invisible<br />demigod Chris Baty looking down on me with disapproval every time I stopped writing, I’d<br />probably do nano less often.<br />Second, some people do better without pressure. There are people whose flashes of<br />brilliance come when they’re really desperate – and people do their best work when they’re<br />not stressed. If you’re one of those people, and you’d much rather let your novel develop<br />at its own pace, instead of squeezing it out in thirty days, if you don’t want to have to feel<br />guilty when you had to take a day off because your main character wasn’t doing what you<br />wanted her to be doing and you can’t understand how the thunderstorm was meant to fit<br />into the plot anymore, if the more behind your wordcount gets, the less writing you end up<br />doing, then you might be one of those people.<br />I’m jealous. Stress in not an essential part of your writing process.<br /><br /><b>2. Really bad writing.</b><br />I like writing. I like getting words, and putting them in sentences and putting them on a<br />page. I like the little clickety noises my keyboard makes when I’m typing away, and the way<br />my handwriting gets illegible when I have to write fast. Sometimes, the things I write are<br />really, really bad. I’ve only ever made a decent attempt to edit one of my nano manuscripts.<br />I’m not ashamed of the others – I’m just okay with the fact that they’re not really good. They<br />still have my characters in them, and my world, and my story. And I’m pretty much happy<br />with that.<br />But there are other ways to love writing. When some people say they love writing, what<br />they mean is that they like getting words and putting them together in the right ways, so<br />that when they read it back to themselves, there’s a poetry to it, the right pieces in the right<br />places. I am fairly sure that those people produce writing that’s better than mine. They also<br />produce writing that couldn’t be written in thirty days, except by some very magical, very<br />talented people whom I have yet to meet.<br />So if when you force yourself to write a novel in thirty days, you produce results that you<br />don’t like, then go ahead and write good writing at whatever pace suits you.<br /><br /><b>3. Happiness.</b><br />Different things make different people happy. I like fast-paced novelling challenges. They<br />make me happy. I don’t like writing short stories, or free verse. I know people that love<br />doing both of those things. Maybe trying to churn out 1667 words a day for thirty days<br />makes you feel like writing is a chore, and you dread the moment when you finish doing<br />other daily essentials, because you’ll sit down at your computer, or with your paper and pen,<br />or whatever and then start procrastinating, because you don’t know what you’re going to<br />write, and it doesn’t seem like fun any more. That’s okay. Stop. Go plan that tantalising new<br />idea you thought of, or write that fanfiction, or just take a few days off to figure out where<br />your plot is going, so that when you come back, it’s exciting again. Nano’s not about making<br />people depressed because they’re not writing at a ridiculous pace.<br /><br />Second disclaimer: I’m just a blogger. Well, I’m not even. I’m just co-opting someone else’s blog for<br />the day. You don’t need me to validate your choice. I’m also assuming that writing is not what brings<br />in money for you. If without writing, you’re going to starve to death, then go write. Now. I’d hate<br />you to die.<br /><br />So there you go. In spite of the collective excitement and enthusiasm of the NaNoWriMo<br />community, taking more than thirty days to write your novel is a valid, and probably more common,<br />way to go about it. There was a lot of excitement and enthusiasm throughout Mitt Romney’s<br />presidential campaign. Does that mean you should support him? Not unless it suits you. (For the<br />record, I’m Australian. I’d’ve chosen an example from our last election, but for some reason, the<br />sense of excitement is not quite the same in Australian politics, and besides, even if you’re not from<br />the U.S., chances are you’ve heard of Romney. I’m not sure how much people know about the whole<br />Gillard/Abbott showdown.)<br /><br />Last note – nano is bad for me. I have an exam on Friday I’m really not all that prepared for. I could<br />study. Instead, I’m going to write my novel.<br /><br />Goodnight!Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-61848080710284831022012-11-14T04:02:00.000-08:002012-11-14T04:02:58.953-08:00Reports from the Novelling Front: Day 14Come Day 14, and I don't even want to think about how far behind Wordcount (yes, with a capital W) I am - albeit I do mean behind my double-wordcount of writing two novels in a month, but that only makes it worse.<br />
<br />
In my defence, unlike for all those lovely Americans out there, for whom November is that month when things don't happen and the weather isn't that great (sort of like an Australian July, I imagine), November in Australia is the months of exams. On top of my 3334 words a day (yes, I know, what was I <i>thinking</i>?) I have had to write some 6000 words all-up of assessments. All in all, this seems like a bad idea.<br />
<br />
In terms of the actual novels, they are not actually progressing poorly, wordcount. Yes, the Fantasy novel has descended into something which I would refer to as 'self-fanfiction': I have been writing one-shots about my characters' childhoods, cute little stories about their future children, and other things that will never serve any purpose. On the plus side, this adds to wordcount, and is more fun than stressing about plot (what is this...plot?). On the minus side, they have nothing to do with the novel, which is becoming something like a series of loosely connected vignettes. But I'm sure it can be salavaged, and by the end of the month it will have presented me with a whole host of interesting ideas, which may be turned into a novel, one day.<br />
<br />
As for the Dystopian novel, I have been presented with a problem, which I saw coming a mile off. It was meticulously planned, and in planning, it's very easy to kill of your characters. You just write, "Arthur dies," and there you have it - Arthur is dead. In actual writing, you have just spent 13 days with Arthur, and you're far too attached to him to just kill him off. I have a feeling my novel will end up with a whole lot less deaths than I originally intended, simply because I'm a wussy writer who doesn't want to kill people. We shall see how that progresses.<br />
<br />
Conclusion is that writing two novels may have been overreaching myself, just a little. On the other hand, it may still be salvagable, after I hand in my final essay come Friday, and then have two weeks of frantic novelling stretching before me. I have seriously considered just giving up on Nano, looking at my thirty-something-thousand words with pride, and then taking up a series of short stories in which Enjolras and Cicero solve crime instead. But I've found that I can't do it. After four years of successfully completing Nano, I don't want to break my streak. I really <i>like</i> those little purple badges that sit on my profile and make me feel incredibly smug. So I'm not giving up yet. I am just taking a break. I <i>want</i> that purple badge.<br />
<br />
I hope the rest of you Wrimos out there are feeling more motivated than me, and also finding yourselfs burdened with less essays on the moral decline of the Late Roman Republic. Happy novelling! (If you're not doing Nanowrimo, and are feeling left out, I promise you a post later this week, written by my lovely sister, on why Nano doesn't have to be everyone's cup of tea. Watch this space.)Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-52714280939126989732012-11-06T05:22:00.000-08:002012-11-06T05:22:54.783-08:00Reports from the Novelling Front: Day Six<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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This will be short, because I am behind inevitably behind in
my Nano, and it is late. But here is a brief update on how things are going at
the end of Week One of Nanowrimo.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I am writing two
novels</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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Yes, it is true. No, I don’t know why I am doing this to
myself. Well, I do know why, but I don’t know <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">why</i>. I started writing the first one – a fantasy novel <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- and I just felt like it wasn’t working. So
then I started writing a dystopian future instead. But then someone critiqued
the excerpt I’d posted for the first novel, and I realised that one wasn’t so
bad. So now I’m doing both. Surprisingly, it’s not as bad as all that –
although admittedly I am a thousand words behind in one, and two thousand
behind in the other. But I’m actually finding it pretty easy to get out at
least two thousand words a day. I think it’s because when I get sick of one
Nano, I can just switch to the other, and I’ll still be adding to my wordcount.
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Planning is crushing
my characters</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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A few weeks ago, I wrote <a href="http://alicesliterarysalon.blogspot.com.au/2012/09/the-pros-of-planning.html">a
post</a> on how beneficial it is to plan before you write, and how much easier
it makes it easier to fix problems such as plot-holes and flat characters. But
now I have discovered an unexpected downside. I planned both my novels this
month, and the reason I originally tried – and failed – to drop the fantasy one
was because my characters were feeling incredibly flat. Because I have a plan,
I feel like they are carrying out their actions because that’s what it says
they do in the plan, not because they are motivated by their personality or
experiences. For example, I find myself giving them lines that they probably
wouldn’t say otherwise, because I know they have to say that at this point in
the plot. Their characters have become secondary to plot, and so they’re really
failing to develop distinctive personalities.</div>
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In my other novel, the dystopian future, my character’s
personalities are doing fine. I planned this one too, but I spent a lot more
time on character and character development when I did, which I think has actually
made a huge difference. (I’m usually very cynical about planning characters, so
this surprised me.) In future, if I plan a novel, I’m going to make sure I make
it very heavily character based. Because I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">know</i>
my fantasy characters have personalities – I just can’t find them under all the
plot.</div>
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Outside of that, I think having planned my novels is making
me write a lot faster, since I never have to spend time staring at my screen
wondering what should happen next, and if I skip a scene, I know exactly where
to skip to, and what happened in the part I skipped.</div>
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So those are my two thoughts from Nano so far. How are you other Wrimos going?</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-26665538061198938782012-10-30T05:55:00.000-07:002012-10-30T05:55:00.134-07:00Eight Tips for Nanowrimo<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
As people who read writing blogs are probably aware,
Nanowrimo starts this Thursday. (If you’re not aware of Nanowrimo, visit <a href="http://nanowrimo.org/">their website</a> , and all will be revealed to
you.) As a four-time successful Nano-er, and one-time Script Frenzy-er, I
present you with six tips on how to write 50,000 words in a month.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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1. Find a writing buddy<br />
These are invaluable. The Nano forums may be there to let you know that other
people are suffering with you, but if you have a writing buddy, you can tell
them about your novel from the beginning, and when you say, “Archibald is too <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tall </i>to be a cyborg!” they’ll know not
only what you’re talking about, but hopefully how to fix it.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
2. Write as much as you can on the
first day<br />
Having just started writing a novel, you will probably be super-excited, and
overflowing with brilliant ideas. The beginning is usually the easiest part to
write, in my opinion, because if you’ve only just started, you can’t even have
plot-holes yet. Before the buzz of your super-awesome new novel wears off, get
down as many words as you can. That way, when you are feeling sad and
unmotivated, or when something comes up that drags you away from novel writing,
you’ll already have a stock of extra words to prevent you falling behind.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
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3. Write every day<br />
I know this isn’t possible for everyone, and a lot of people plan for November
so that they will write a few hundred words every weekday, and catch up on the
weekend. In that case, this advice should be ‘Follow your schedule’. It’s a lot
easier to fit 1667 words into a busy day than it is to fit 12,000 words into a
weekend, no matter how much time you may have. 12,000 words is intimidating.
1667 is achievable.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
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4. Don’t procrastinate<br />
Achieving this is actually impossible, but in this case I only mean it in short
bursts. Word Wars are your friend. The Nano website runs them through their
forums, or you can find yourself a real-life writing buddy. Set yourself ten
minutes, and write like crazy. Not only will this stop you wasting you life on
the Nano forums and Facebook, but it will also make you realise how much you
can write in ten minutes. If you can do 400 words, 1667 will only take you
forty minutes!<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
5. Find something to motivate you<br />
Hopefully, there is a motivational website out there to suit everyone. If you
like looking at cute pictures of cats, visit <a href="http://writtenkitten.net/">Written?
Kitten!</a>, and you will be gifted with one every time you achieve a
word-count goal. If you need to be motivated by something really cruel, go to <a href="http://writeordie.com/">Write or Die</a>, where your work will disappear
if you don’t keep writing. Otherwise, there’s always rewarding yourself with
chocolate, or a nice long perusal of the forums.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
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6. Generate a plot-twist<br />
If all else fails, and you’re staring at your computer screen, and wondering
why you ever thought this was a good idea for a novel in the first place, and
whether you have enough plot to fill the next 100 words, let alone 50,000 of
them, generate a plot twist. After all, it’s Nanowrimo, and the aim is to get
words down on paper (or, you know, screen), which you can always fix later. If
your plot twist works out – brilliant! if it doesn’t, hopefully it will at
least provide some inspiration, and if nothing else, it will add enough words
that you<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>won’t start feeling unmotivated
by being behind word-count tomorrow. <a href="http://www.seventhsanctum.com/">Seventh
Sanctum</a>, <a href="http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/HomePage">TV
Tropes</a> and the Nanowrimo adoption forum are excellent for this.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
7. Use pointy brackets<br />
Pointy brackets are your friend. If you can’t think of what to name your
character, write <name>. If you can’t think of that word you really want,
write <that adjective that sounds kind of like ‘alpaca’>. If you can’t
think of how on earth you’re going to write your next scene, <that scene I
really can’t work out> will save you. This will save you all the time you
would have spent staring in panic at the screen, and also the time you would
have spent perusing naming websites, dictionaries, and other procrastination
stations. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
8. Don’t give up<br />
A weekend of solid writing can always save you. There are people – and I don’t
know what bizarre kind of people they are, but they are people – who complete
Nanowrimo on November 1<sup>st</sup>. All 50,000 words of it. If they can write
50,000 words in a day. It’s just a matter of sitting down, and writing without
doing anything else, until you’ve reached your goal.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I hope this helps people with Nanowrimo. Do you have tips to
share?</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-77271086012264953542012-10-24T04:54:00.001-07:002012-10-24T04:54:38.224-07:00Historical Fiction: Spoiler Alert<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Earlier this week, I finished reading Colleen McCullough’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The First Man in Rome</i>, which is a fiction novel about the Roman Republic. If you’re into Ancient Rome at
all, I definitely recommend reading it. But sadly, telling you how awesome it
is is not the purpose of this post, so onward.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.brotherhoodbooks.com.au/Books/images/9780712637954.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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The book covers the political and military careers of Gaius
Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla, two of my favourite Ancient Romans. So I was reading along, and these two main characters were besties, and things were going
along swimmingly. But there was a problem (and yes, spoilers lie ahead) –
having studied the history of the Roman Republic, I knew that eventually they
fall out and end up at the heads of opposing sides of a civil war. And that
Sulla goes really evil and massacres thousands of people. And the closer I got
to the end of the book, the less I enjoyed it, because I knew what was coming,
and I didn’t <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">want</span> it to happen. And
even when I got to the final pages, and discovered that it doesn’t actually
happen (presumably until the next book in the series) I still felt
discontented, because although McCullough had written what <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">seems</span> like a happy ending, I knew that
really it wasn’t. And that after the two main characters walk off arm-in-arm
into the sunset (and yes, this is genuinely what happens in the closing scene)
one of them turns around a backstabs the other, and it all goes downhill from
there.</div>
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<br /></div>
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So essentially, my spoiler alert, which lies several lines up, is not a
spoiler for the book at all, but a spoiler for <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">history</span>. And herein lies the problem. Is
this just an inevitable thing you have to face, if you want to write historical
fiction – that people can be spoiled for your book without having even <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">heard</span> of it? This seems like a very sad
state of affairs, but if you’re writing historically about real people, it’s an
inescapable fact. And sure, you can do it incredibly well – as McCullough does –
but it still niggles at the back of the reader’s mind that they <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">know</span> what’s coming.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Of course, this is a greater problem in some historical
stories than others. Marius and Sulla don’t have a nice story: they start
out as friends, and then they destabilise the Roman Republic through civil war, and then Marius dies and Sulla becomes dictator and kills everyone (or something to that effect, but far less horribly simplified).
And it makes for a terrible story, if you're after anything remotely resembling a happy ending. So
perhaps McCullough just chose poorly (or I shouldn’t have chosen to read about
those characters, if I wanted things to end well). But I feel like it probably
goes the other way, too – if you know that life turns out well for your
historical figure of choice, doesn’t it detract something from the tension of
the novel? It’s like you’ve already flipped to the last page before you even
start.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/guillotine.gif/99995181/guillotine.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/guillotine.gif/99995181/guillotine.gif" width="145" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Every single time.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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I’m not sure exactly where these thoughts are going, because
I enjoy reading historical fiction, and it has never stuck me as a huge
problem before, even when reading novels about, say, Marie-Antoinette, who always gets guillotined at the end. But as it is, I’m apprehensive about reading the
sequel to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The First Man in Rome</i>,
because McCullough created her characters too well, and so the last thing I
want to see is their inevitable downfall. So maybe the problem iinherent in
historical fiction, but only really well-written historical fiction. But if
well-written is the <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">problem</span>, then I
don’t know <i>what</i> we do. How <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">do</span> you
pull off a good novel, when everyone knows the ending? Have you read any
historical novels where you think it’s been done well? Or done really badly? I've now made myself rather confused about the whole historical fiction lark, so thoughts are
appreciated.</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-28366657394949919112012-10-16T21:37:00.000-07:002012-10-16T21:37:29.473-07:00The Liebster Blog Award<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Many thanks to Katherine Amabel of <a href="http://beyondthehourglassbridge.blogspot.com.au/">Beyond the Hourglass
Bridge</a>, who nominated me for the Liebster Blog Award, which – contrary to
popular belief – has nothing to do with German strudels, and a lot more to do
with nominating your eleven favourite bloggers (with less than 200 followers)
to answer eleven probing questions of your choice. So, in answer to Katherine’s
questions, here goes (also, I was in a kind of picture-y mood, so this post
comes with images!):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Can
you tongue roll, cross eye, ear wiggle or perform any other feats of physics?
(And you can’t say getting motion sick at the slightest provocation, because I
call dibs on that).</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I can cross my eyes, and roll my
tongue (though the latter only after quite a bit of practise as a child). I can
also do the Vulcan Salute, which I consider to be a much greater feat of
physics, simply because it enables me to feel more like Spock.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.inspectorinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/star-trek-spock1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://www.inspectorinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/star-trek-spock1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Live long and prosper.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Would
you rather watch that video from The Ring, or start up a nice, family-friendly
game of Jumanji?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I haven’t seen the Ring or Jumanji, so
I really can’t answer this one. Sorry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If
you could be any book character, who would you be and why?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ooh, that’s hard! Sophie from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Howl’s Moving Castle</i>, since she has
magical powers, and she lives in a moving castle...</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://images.wikia.com/howlscastle/images/f/ff/Howl-s-Moving-Castle-studio-ghibli-7988967-720-405.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://images.wikia.com/howlscastle/images/f/ff/Howl-s-Moving-Castle-studio-ghibli-7988967-720-405.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tell me again why this would be a bad idea?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
fantasy invention do you most wish was real? e.g. Light sabres… invisibility
cloaks… or those completely innocent and in no way drug riddled potions from
Alice In Wonderland…</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I would very much like a time machine.
Or is that a sci-fi invention? Either way, providing I didn’t accidentally end
the universe by marrying my grandfather, that would be lovely.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Name
one habit you’re trying to break.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I have successfully avoiding perusing
my Facebook newsfeed, and checking it several times an hour while trying to
write essays. But who knew that this left you so excluded from useless social
news, like the fact that my sister’s boyfriend’s grandma had super-glued his
fingers together, or that funny picture of that cat...</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What’s
the scariest book you’ve ever read? (Because I feel like sleeping with the
light on for a month).</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weirdly enough, it was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Princess Bride</i>. I was going along, reading and reading and
thinking “You know, Prince Humperdinck is a bit of an asshole, but he’s not
actually <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">evil</i>.” And the The Machine
showed up, and he revealed his sinister plans and I kind of just went “Oh God
oh God oh God!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and have forever been
trying to work out how to make my villains <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i>
evil. It’s not sleep-with-the-light-on scary, but I was terrified.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://cdn.memegenerator.net/instances/400x/27063684.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://cdn.memegenerator.net/instances/400x/27063684.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Enough said.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
was the first job you ever wanted?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I think when I was very small I wanted
to be an Olympic sprinter, because I won the younger-siblings-of-students
running race at my brother and sister’s primary school. Sadly, my sporting
talents didn’t last, and now I’m angling for author-archaeologist, a la Agatha
Christie.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
was the first job you ever had? (Sorry!)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I worked at a burger place last
summer, failing spectacularly to defy Arts-student stereotypes everywhere. This
is what I do with education in Classical Latin. Nonetheless, I can proudly say
to this day that I never flipped a single burger. And that it was not MacDonald’s.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If
you had to live in any time period, past or present, other than now, what would
you choose?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’ve been ready
Colleen McCullough’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The First Man in
Rome</i> for the past week or so, and studying Ancient Rome at uni, so I think
I’m going to have to go for the late Roman Republic today, because there were brilliant
orators in abundance, and every day was a toga party. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.pnz.ru/album/albums/userpics/Cicero_Cat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="199" src="http://www.pnz.ru/album/albums/userpics/Cicero_Cat.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Look! It's Cicero!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What’s
the most exotic place you’ve ever been?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I don’t know what counts as exotic. I’ve been
to Rotorua in New Zealand, where steam belches up out of the ground, and our
hosts told us horror stories of a man who dived into what he thought was a nice
warm spring, only to be boiled alive. I’ve been to a beach in Japan where they
bury you up to your neck in hot sand and you just lie there for hours, which is
somehow supposed to be therapeutic, but is really just horribly uncomfortable.
But if you’re going for traditionally exotic, Jaco Island in East Timor, which <i>is</i> the deserted tropical island stereotype.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eet70kOHf4g/UH40ZSv4VfI/AAAAAAAAAAc/fH1pvCjvt2Q/s1600/Jaco.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eet70kOHf4g/UH40ZSv4VfI/AAAAAAAAAAc/fH1pvCjvt2Q/s320/Jaco.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finally,
if you could apparate, where in the world would be your favourite spot to take
your lunch breaks?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">See above. Though really, if I could
apparate, I wouldn’t choose just one spot to take my lunch breaks. I would find
a new one everyday, I just have very small overseas holidays every day. It
would be amazing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Next step – to nominate eleven blogs, and ask eleven questions of
my own.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nominees</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I admit that I’m not much of a blog-reader, and I admit even more
sadly that I couldn’t find 11 blogs that I read often enough to consider my
favourites, that also have under 200 followers. But here are the ones that I
did find and, following in the footsteps of Katherine Amabel, I am happy to
fill the other six slots with the blogs of commenters. So if your blog has less
than 200 followers, and you post a link in comments, I will add you to the
list. (By the bye, I couldn’t work out how to check how many followers people
had, so if you have more than 200 and I’ve nominated you – whoops?)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://poetssceneries.blogspot.com.au/">J. E.
Blackworth's Shifting Thoughts</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://opticalsea.blogspot.com.au/">The Optical Sea</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://theredhead-blog.blogspot.com.au/">The Redhead</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://nicole-singer.blogspot.com.au/">Write Me a World</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.ameliapriestley.com/">Amelia Priestley</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And now, my lovely nominees, you must answer these eleven
questions, and then come up with your own eleven questions for eleven more
bloggers of your choice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Who is your favourite historical figure?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Where did you find the name of your blog?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What genre do you write? Why?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If you had a patronus, what would it be?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What are your thoughts on Mr. Darcy?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Do you have a muse? Are they real? Imaginary?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What would you like to learn to do, if you could learn anything?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Do you write with music playing? If you do – what music, and does
it relate to what you’re writing?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">How many languages do you speak? What are they?</span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Do you ever talk to your characters? Do they ever talk back? </span></li>
<li><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Would you ever be an astronaut?</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And now I’m off for a backwards wander through nominees and their
nominors for the Liebster Blog Award. Thanks again to Katherine Amabel!</span></div>
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-74209163767847004642012-10-16T04:53:00.000-07:002012-10-16T04:53:17.230-07:00Women in Fiction<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Of late, I have become more aware of the problems of gender
imbalances in novels and movies, and more specifically, the way female
characters are dealt with when there is only one of them around. Case in
point – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">X-Men: First Class</i>. At the
end of the movie, Charles Xavier and Moira (to prove how little of a thing she
is, I just had to look her up to find out her name) have a sudden, unexpected
romance that takes place over the duration of a single scene. I really felt
like this relationship was never, ever developed, and that basically, because
Moira was the only girl around - or at least the only romantic option - they felt like they didn’t <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">need </i>to develop a realistic relationship, since her role was clear. The leading man apparently needed a
love interest, and so they gave him the shallowest one they could find. For
want of a better term, it was Bond-romance, minus the sex-scenes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I feel that this illustrates the dangers of gender imbalance
– because someone is the only woman on screen, no-one feels the need to explore
her character, because her character <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is</i>
‘the woman’. This has always frustrated me about the Smurfs, because all the
boys have different personalities and traits, and then there is Smurfette, whose defining trait is that she is a girl. And that works for her, because there are no other girls, so she is sufficiently distinguished by the fact that she is 'girly'. No, being a girl is <i>not</i> a personality trait. (Disclaimer: I have never read or seen the Smurfs. All I know comes from
watching trailers, and playing a computer game that we had in primary school. I may be entirely wrong here.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I don’t think the answer to this problem is necessarily to
put more female characters on screen or on the page. Gender imbalanced casts
are not actually the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cause</i> of the
problem, but I think that it can be exacerbated by it. Having several female
characters forces you to think about them as something more than just ‘the girl’,
and instead to develop them just as you would any other character. Nonetheless, you shouldn’t <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">need</i> multiple female
characters just to understand that they need to be defined by more than just
their gender.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This rant started because I have been planning my Nano for
this year, and am finding it a little lacking on the female-character front. On
the one hand, it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is</i> a historical-type
fantasy, loosely based on the culture of Ancient Rome (I think, maybe) and
largely set during a war. The focus is going to be on military and political
sorts of things, and obviously, there weren’t many – or any, really – women operating
in these spheres in that type of setting. I never felt, for example, <i>The Lord
of the Rings</i> lacked women, although from what I can remember, there are only
two female characters who fill roles other than love interests.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the other hand, well, basically everything I have said
above about gender-imbalanced casts. As a girl, I feel like I should have a
handle on depicting female characters well. Recently, however, I have found
myself falling into the damsel-in-distress trap: using a girl, usually abducted
by the antagonist, as an instigating plot-device. Both times I’ve done this,
the character in question has had traits other than being ‘the girl’ and there
have been other female characters around. But it still makes me vaguely uneasy,
and similarly, I don’t like the idea of writing a male-dominated novel, even if
I am entirely aware of the fact that female characters tend to end up characterised as 'the girl' if there is only one of them around.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What do others think of the potrayal of women in fiction? Is it a good idea to add female
characters into a male-dominated novel just to ensure gender balance? Is it always bad to have a girl function as a ‘damsel in
distress’? Being a girl who often writes about girls, should I just stop worrying about this and assume I can do it right?</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-54885894469013302502012-10-09T04:41:00.001-07:002012-10-09T04:48:26.191-07:00Worldbuilding Resources<style type="text/css">p { margin-bottom: 0.21cm; }a:link { }</style>
<br />
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Nanowrimo
is only 25 days away! At the expense of all other writing ventures
(read: as procrastination from editing, which is not nearly as fun as
it should be), I have been plotting my novel for Nano. Since I'm
writing fantasy, I've been doing work on world-building, and I've
discovered a fun fact – it's way easier to build a world when you
actually have a plot in mind. In the past, I have made the mistake of
worldbuilding for the sake of worldbuilding. I've sat down at my
computer and said, “I'm going to create a fantasy world today.” I
don't deny that this was fun, but it definitely lacked something.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
This
time, however, I had the good sense to begin with a plot, and a
'gimmick', as it we, for my world – the idea of souls as a
commodity that can be extracted through dance (this sounds much
tackier when I write it down like that). Once you have something to
base your worldbuilding off, you discover all sorts of unexpected
things – do you realise that if dancing can steal your soul, you
might have trouble passing on oral history? Nor did I, but these are
the things I've ended up thinking about over the past few days. The
lesson I have learnt from this is that your world needs something to
set it apart from other worlds, and to fuel ideas about the culture
of your people. (I'm not so interested in the geographic and
map-making part of worldbuilding at the moment.) The thing I most
dread is when you ask someone what their setting is and they answer,
'You know, it's like, a medieval fantasy world, with elves and
dwarves and stuff.' Originality is, I believe, the key to rewarding
worldbuilding.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
While I
was on the topic, I thought I should share some of the resources I've
been using.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="http://www.web-writer.net/fantasy/days/index.html">30
Days of Worldbuilding</a></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
This is
– as the name suggests – a thirty day tutorial which takes you
all the way through geography, climate and history to different plot
points you might use in your story. The format makes it perfect for
use during October, so by the time November rolls around, you will
have a well-formed world for Nano! Yay! It includes discussion of the
'What if?' of your world – the speculative element that will set it
apart from other worlds, and guide your worldbuilding to an extent,
which is good, because when I first encountered this, I hadn't
realised that having your own unique 'What if?' was really necessary.
There's also a lot of focus on the mood of your world reflecting the
mood of your story right through, which is good for creating more
effective setting.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
The
only problem I found with this was that there was a lot of geography,
map-making kind of stuff, which I got bored of, and am mostly not
bothering too much with for this year's Nano. But if you're into
map-making, go for it.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="http://www.sfwa.org/2009/08/fantasy-worldbuilding-questions/">Patricia
C. Wrede's Worldbuilding Questions</a></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
This is
an extensive list of questions covering pretty much everything you
ever wanted to know about your world, and some things you'd never
even thought of. They're even sorted into convenient categories and
sub-categories, so that if your world is going fine, but you just
don't know what to do about transportation and communication – BAM!
and Patricia C. Wrede has the answers.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Working
through these questions from beginning to end can be a bit
overwhelming because there are so many of them, and they do go into
an awful lot of detail. They're probably best for fleshing out the
bits of your world you've neglected, or your brain might explode. But
definitely worth a visit.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="http://www.elfwood.com/farp/thewriting/liljenbergworlds/index.html">Fantasy
Art Resource Project</a></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
This
one is oddly Biblically themed, working through the creation of your
world in seven days, each on the theme of what God created on that
day of the week – day four is Astronomy, for example, because
that's when God created the stars.</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
There
are a lot of very useful questions, but also information that you
will need to know what building a world – for example, in the
section of fashion, there is a whole list of the different factors
that can effect fashion, and how they can do so. The tutorial also
works through the different 'stages' of economic development,
starting with the barter system and finishing (interestingly) at
Communism (I don't think he was actually going for linear development
from least sophisticated to most sophisticated here, but it did come
across that way...), so you can work out where you want your own
society to fit in without just staring at a page and going “Oh God
oh God <i>economy</i><span style="font-style: normal;">?!” which is
probably when I would have done if anyone had asked me in depth about
how economy in any society I was designing worked.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-style: normal;">Liljenberg
(the author) divides society into priests, warriors and workers
– the Three Estates, if you will. While this is horribly
simplistic, it's not a bad way of getting a handle on the basic
values of the society you're designing, and how things will change
depending on which 'Estate' is the most powerful.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-style: normal;">One
of my favourite things about this site is that several of the 'days'
come with handy worksheets – one for animals, one for solar systems
(if you're writing sci-fi) and one for cultures – so you have an
easy way to record information. After all, who doesn't want a sheet
with tick boxes for your society's familial structure, and a line to
fill in their drug of choice? </span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-style: normal;">This
site is my personal favourite at the moment, but all three are worth
visiting, and there are many more which I am yet to try out. I could
be at this a long time. How is everyone else progressing with
Nanowrimo planning?</span></div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-8873686649265127552012-10-03T04:51:00.002-07:002012-10-03T04:51:14.761-07:00An Extra Post on EditingI've been trying to keep to a schedule of posting every Tuesday, and I do recognise that today is Wednesday, but I found something that I thought was interesting, especially in light of yesterday's post. Nick Hornby, writer of many novels which I have never read, has this to say about editing:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
And there's some stuff about the whole winnowing process I just don't
get. Why does it always stop when the work in question has been reduced
to sixty or seventy thousand words—entirely coincidentally, I'm sure,
the minimum length for a publishable novel? I'm sure you could get it
down to twenty or thirty if you tried hard enough. In fact, why stop at
twenty or thirty? Why write at all? Why not just jot the plot and a
couple of themes down on the back of an envelope and leave it at that?
The truth is, there's nothing very utilitarian about fiction or its
creation, and I suspect that people are desperate to make it sound
manly, backbreaking labor because it's such a wussy thing to do in the
first place. The obsession with austerity is an attempt to compensate,
to make writing resemble a real job, like farming, or logging. (It's
also why people who work in advertising put in twenty-hour days.) Go on,
young writers—treat yourself to a joke, or an adverb! Spoil yourself!
Readers won't mind!</blockquote>
<br />
I don't have any comments to make on this, really, just that it's good to hear that the 'kill everything that doesn't further the plot' argument isn't universally accepted just yet.Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-73273689303986314812012-10-02T03:36:00.002-07:002012-10-02T03:36:47.853-07:00The Woes of Editing<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Since some time mid-last year, I have been pretending to
edit a 100,000 word monstrosity that I wrote with absolutely no planning –
where by ‘pretending to edit’ I mean that after over a year I am currently up
to scene… six? I was reading around writing blogs recently, and I found an
author who said something along the lines of “I like writing, but I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">love</i> editing.” To which I said, “Oh God,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">why</i>?” I thought this great disparity
of opinion warranted a blog post on editing, in the hope of answering some questions.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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I started editing by listing my scenes in a table with
columns for POV, setting, key events and characters present. That gave me a
chance to read of my novel and have happy thoughts like, “This is actually not
bad,” and also, “What word was I even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">trying</i>
to write there?”</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Next, I tried to write down the plot from the point of view
of each key character, so I could understand what each character knew, and
when. This was kind of important because the novel is a kind of
spies-and-international-intrigue thing, and the lack of planning meant people
were spouting pieces of information, and then being horrified to discover the
same information four chapters later.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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So this was all going well and good. I got a handle on my
plot, and then wrote down a revised list of scenes, and got to work cutting the
scenes I didn’t need, and revising the ones I did. Before I even started the
revising part, I had cut about half of my manuscript, including some of my
favourite characters. It made me sad. But I have told myself I shall bring them
back, and I suppose at least if I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">completely</i>
cut a character, I can transport them to a new story of their very own.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Then I got to the part that made me sad – revising scenes. I
ended up deleting whole chunks of things that were not only my favourite parts,
but also the favourite parts of the two people who have read my novel for me. I
did this because I figured that not only were they not doing anything for the
plot, but also because they were always the things that were just a little bit
ridiculous, like the sinister criminal mastermind speaking in code with phrases
such as “The orange walrus howls at the hour of darkness,” an extended joke
about the colour of the protagonists underwear (because I am classy like this).</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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I deleted all these ridiculous bits, and then I realised
that the reason I had <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">liked</i> the start
of this story was because it was just a little bit ridiculous, and the
characters were kind of odd. But all the editing advice I had read – even from
the very first writing book I had ever discovered, while I was still at primary
school – had told me that there was a ‘making it thin’ stage, where you got rid
of everything that wasn’t strictly necessary.</div>
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In order to procrastinate from this task, which was sucking
my happiness like Dementor, I went online to read what other writers had said
about editing. I found a piece of cheery warning, formatted thusly:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
THINGS YOU LOVE <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">WILL</i> DIE.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So that was heartening. Feeling a sense of solidarity – at least
I wasn’t the only one deleting things I loved – I went back to editing, and
managed to get through several scenes feeling gradually more enthusiastic about
the whole affair. But it has left me wondering – is it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">really</i> necessary for things you love to die? (That sentence came
out way more deep-sounding than I intended.) Am I just a wuss who doesn't like deleting things? I mean sure, some things might not aid a streamlined
plot, but does that actually make them <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bad</i>? Chances are, if you love something, there’s a reason. And if your readers love
it too, then <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">why</i> should you delete
it? After all, if you’re not writing to please yourself and your readers… well,
I don’t know what you’re doing.</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4170420608510993231.post-87037346331783257102012-09-18T05:53:00.000-07:002012-09-18T05:53:37.520-07:00Beige Protagonist Syndrome<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
I mentioned last week that I had decide to cut my main
character, Ink, from my Nanowrimo plans. In fact, my sister and I had a
Delete-Your-Main-Character party, where we both got rid of our main characters,
and upgraded a secondary character. This isn’t the first story I’ve found has
benefited from this. Once you’ve got caught up in your exciting plot, your
fascinating secondary characters and your shiny new setting, it’s easy to
forget that your main character protagonist has to be exciting too. Instead,
they end up beige, bland and overall dull. So, to save myself – and anyone else
who finds themselves burdened by boring protagonists – I have compiled a list
of question to indicate whether the main character suffers from beige
protagonist syndrome.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Can your protagonist
be described using the words ‘ordinary teenage girl’?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of course, this doesn’t apply only to teenage girls. It also
works for ‘ordinary middle-aged mother’ or ‘just your average office-worker’.
If someone asks you what your main character is like, and this is your answer,
warning lights should probably be flashing. If the most interesting thing you
can think to say about your main character is their age, their gender, and
their averageness, there’s probably something wrong.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I once figured this was okay, because of course my
protagonist would be ordinary at the start of the novel, which is why it would
be so much more exciting when she discovered the magical world. But I don’t think
it works quite like that. A protagonist has to be interesting as a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">person</i> before they become interesting as
a vessel for the plot. Ordinary is basically shorthand for ‘I couldn’t be
bothered thinking of a character’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Would the plot change
if you removed your protagonist?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If Harry Potter didn’t exist, Voldemort wouldn’t attack
Hogwarts at the end of the school year. If Frodo didn’t exist, nobody would
have volunteered to take the ring to Mordor, and then where would we be?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When reading the wonderful Snowflake Method (somehow this
seems to come up in every post), Ingermason suggests “It is OK to have the
first disaster be caused by external circumstances, but I think that the second
and third disasters should be caused by the protagonist's attempts to "fix
things". That’s a bit of a simplistic, overly structured take on the whole
affair, but the point stands that at least <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">some</i>
of the plot should be caused by your protagonist. They shouldn’t just be along
for the ride.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Do you find yourself
struggling to explain why your protagonist is present during key moments in the
story?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This relates do the previous question. If you do, they probably
aren’t connected strongly enough to the plot. Similarly, if your protagonist is
only there because they begged to come along (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mortal Instruments</i>, I’m looking at you) and the more you think
about it, the more it makes sense for everyone to just left them at home, you
have a problem. Your protagonist shouldn’t <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">need</i>
a reason to be in key scenes. Key scenes should come to them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Do you love your
secondary characters more than your protagonist?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This one isn’t linked to plot, but it’s still important to
making sure your main character isn’t boring. If you think your secondary
characters are more exciting, chances are your readers do too. You want to
write more about your secondary characters, and your readers probably want to
read more about them. So why is everyone being subjected to your beige
protagonist?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of course, this goes by degrees. It’s probably okay if your
main character isn’t your favourite character. But it’s probably not okay if
you cringe every time you have to write a long scene about them, and invent extravagant
subplots just to give your secondary characters more screen time.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Is your character
having too much fun?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While other characters are feeling angst ridden and stressed,
is your character really just having an adventure? Chances are they’re not
invested enough in the plot. Your main character should be up there in the list
of people with the most to lose if the antagonist wins. They should be on the
front line of the battle against your story’s evil, and if anyone has the right
to be an angst monkey, it should be them. Make sure your character is heavily
affected by the plot, not just a passive observer. Motivation is important.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When you come across a beige protagonist, there are several
things you can do. Character development obviously helps.. I’ve posted some
stuff on the topic <a href="http://alicesliterarysalon.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/three-methods-of-character-development_21.html">here</a>
and <a href="http://alicesliterarysalon.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/three-more-methods-of-character.html">here</a>.
When it comes to plot, the easiest way to fix things is to raise the stakes for
them. Your protagonist has no reason to fight the antagonist? Have the
antagonist threaten something that personally matters to them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If your protagonist is too far gone for any of that to work,
scrap them. Promote your favourite secondary character. You might be surprised
at how well it works.</div>
Alicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10588955773100813799noreply@blogger.com2